PPE 2/2026
O możliwości stosowania art. 118 zdanie drugie k.c. do roszczeń stwierdzonych prawomocnym orzeczeniem sądu lub innego organu (art. 125 k.c.)
dr hab. Grzegorz Wolak, prof. WSPiA
Katedra Prawa Cywilnego i Postępowania Cywilnego, WSPiA Rzeszowska Szkoła Wyższa; ORCID: 0000-0003-3636-8440
ABSTRACT
On the Possibility of Applying Article 118, Second Sentence, of the Civil Code to Claims Established by a Final Judgment of a Court or Other Body (Article 125 of the Civil Code)
dr hab. Grzegorz Wolak, professor at the WSPiA University of Rzeszów, Department of Civil Law and Civil Procedure, WSPiA University of Rzeszów; ORCID: 0000-0003-3636-8440
The direct reason for writing this article was the resolution of the Supreme Court of 23 October 2025, III CZP 21/25. This ruling addresses a significant problem, both from a theoretical and, above all, practical point of view, of the scope of application of the norm of Article 118, sentence 2 of the Civil Code. In the author’s opinion, the Supreme Court incorrectly found that Article 118, sentence 2 of the Civil Code applies to determining the end of the limitation periods for claims listed in Article 125 § 1 of the Civil Code. Meanwhile, the correct position is that the method of determining the end of the limitation period indicated in the second sentence of Article 118 of the Civil Code does not apply to the limitation period under Article 125 § 1 of the Civil Code. In cases covered by the latter provision, the general rule expressed in Article 112 of the Civil Code should be applied.
Keywords: limitation period, end of the limitation period, claim established by a judicial enforcement order, principle of lex specialis derogat legi generali