PPE 1/2026
Wierzytelności nieobjęte układem. Wpływ otwarcia przez dłużnika postępowania restrukturyzacyjnego na sądowe postępowanie egzekucyjne – zagadnienia wybrane
dr Jolanta Rab-Przybyłowicz
asesor komorniczy; ORCID: 0009-0008-7942-9809
Dominik Gagacki
kwalifikowany doradca restrukturyzacyjny; 0009-0001-4178-3449
ABSTRACT
Claims not Covered by an Arrangement. The Impact of the Debtor’s Initiation of Restructuring Proceedings on Judicial Enforcement Proceedings – Selected Issues
dr Jolanta Rab-Przybyłowicz, bailiff assessor; ORCID: 0009-0008-7942-9809
Dominik Gagacki, qualified restructuring adviser; 0009-0001-4178-3449
This study focuses on the effects of the amendment to the Polish Restructuring Law that entered into force on 1 December 2021. In particular, it analyses the impact of the introduction of Article 151(2a) on the conduct of judicial enforcement during restructuring proceedings conducted for the approval of an arrangement. The discussion primarily addresses changes concerning claims secured in rem which, under the amended wording of Article 151(2a), may be covered by an arrangement by operation of law, without the creditor’s consent, provided that the debtor proposes sufficiently favourable terms of satisfaction. The analysis also examines amendments introduced after 23 August 2025 to the wording of Article 151 of the Restructuring Law. The study discusses the category of claims absolutely excluded from an arrangement, including, inter alia, maintenance obligations, compensatory annuities, and claims for the recovery of property. It further addresses the issue of protecting the debtor against enforcement during restructuring proceedings. Particular attention is devoted to the mechanism of suspension of enforcement proceedings by operation of law and to the legal significance of the announcement of the arrangement date in the National Register of Debtors, which produces effects ex tunc. The study highlights the obligations of bailiffs and restructuring advisers with regard to the verification and disclosure of creditors, pointing to the risk of abuse consisting in the instrumental use of restructuring proceedings solely for the purpose of blocking enforcement. In conclusion, the need for further legislative amendments and for the harmonisation of judicial interpretation is emphasised, in order to enable a more effective use of restructuring instruments in economic practice.
Keywords: restructuring, claims not covered by an arrangement, arrangement date